Civil Service Exam (Professional) — Core Review

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1. 1

   Under Article I of the 1987 Constitution, the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the Philippine archipelago are treated as part of what?

   JawabanThe internal waters of the Philippines

   The archipelago doctrine treats these connecting waters as internal waters, placing them under Philippine sovereignty much like land territory.

2. 2

   What is the principle that assigns lawmaking, execution, and adjudication to three distinct branches of government?

   JawabanSeparation of powers, operating together with a system of checks and balances

   Legislative power rests in Congress, executive power in the President, and judicial power in the courts; checks and balances keep any one branch from dominating.

3. 3

   How are the twenty-four members of the Philippine Senate chosen?

   1. 1They are appointed by the President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments
   2. 2They are elected at large by qualified voters nationwide
   3. 3They are elected by the members of the House of Representatives
   4. 4They are elected by legislative district

   JawabanThey are elected at large by qualified voters nationwide

   Senators are chosen at large, so each represents the whole nation; they serve six-year terms with a limit of two consecutive terms, and together with the House they form the bicameral Congress.

4. 4

   Each term of a district representative in the House of Representatives lasts three years. What is the maximum number of consecutive terms such a representative may serve?

   1. 1Two consecutive terms
   2. 2Four consecutive terms
   3. 3Three consecutive terms
   4. 4Six consecutive terms

   JawabanThree consecutive terms

   House members may serve at most three consecutive three-year terms; contrast this with senators, who face a limit of two consecutive six-year terms.

5. 5

   The party-list system in elections for the House of Representatives was adopted chiefly to achieve which purpose?

   1. 1To give representation to marginalized and underrepresented sectors
   2. 2To increase the number of appointed officials in Congress
   3. 3To allow the President to choose half of the House members
   4. 4To reduce the cost of holding national elections

   JawabanTo give representation to marginalized and underrepresented sectors

   Party-list seats, reserved as a share of House membership, open the legislature to sectoral parties and organizations that district elections tend to leave out.